Varicose veins are enlarged, dilated, and twisted superficial veins, typically found in the legs just under the skin. They appear as thick blue, serpiginous (snake-like) lines of veins that can be pressed upon and decrease in size after elevating the legs. Varicose veins are usually asymptomatic, but some individuals may experience fatigue or pain in the calf region. Complications can include bleeding, superficial thrombophlebitis, or the development of ulcers. The physical, social, and psychological effects of varicose veins can significantly impact one’s quality of life.
Varicose veins occur when the tiny, one-way valves inside the veins weaken or are damaged. In healthy veins, these valves ensure that blood flows in one direction only, towards the heart. When these valves weaken and fail to close properly, some blood flows backward against gravity and accumulates in the vein. This added blood exerts pressure on the vein walls, causing them to weaken and bulge over time, leading to the formation of spider veins and, eventually, varicose veins.
Treatment for varicose veins typically involves a thorough physical examination and specific investigations (Doppler) before planning the appropriate treatment. Preventive measures can help stop the development of new varicose and spider veins, but they can’t eliminate existing ones. There are both medical and surgical methods available to treat varicose veins effectively and safely.
Varicose veins are a common condition, affecting approximately 30% of the population, and becoming more prevalent with age and in women.
Lifestyle Changes: Lifestyle changes can control the progression of the disease, including:
Wearing compression stockings.
Regular exercise.
Elevating the legs.
Weight loss.
Mild and Initial Cases: Conservative treatment is recommended. This includes the above lifestyle changes, along with:
Compression garments.
Anti-inflammatory medications.
Topical creams for skin issues.
Moderate to Severe Cases: Conservative approaches may not be sufficient, and medical or surgical intervention may be necessary. Medical procedures include techniques that block the veins, directing blood away from the affected area and toward deep and nearby veins.
There are two primary procedures for varicose vein treatment:
Injection Sclerotherapy (for small veins): This outpatient office procedure involves staying at the center for about 2 to 3 hours. The affected veins are injected with a sclerosing solution, which irritates the inside of the vein. Over time, the vein collapses and fades away. Patients are required to wear compression stockings for 3 weeks to prevent possible side effects. Most individuals can return to work the day after the procedure.
Vein Ligation and Stripping: This surgical procedure empties the collected blood in veins and ligates the faulty valves with surgical knots. The abnormal veins are then removed. This is considered a definitive treatment with a low risk of recurrence compared to other methods.
Patients are instructed to wear compression garments to promote proper healing.
Discharge usually occurs the day after surgery.
Sutures are removed after 14 days.
Most individuals can resume normal activities within a week or two, following specific instructions from their surgeon.
Patients should follow post-surgical precautions, including wearing compression garments for three to six months and avoiding prolonged sitting or standing.
Always discuss previous surgeries and medical conditions with your healthcare provider.
Wear support stockings as prescribed to reduce swelling and maintain proper shape.
Consult your doctor immediately if complications arise.
Maintain a healthy lifestyle for the best and most long-lasting results.
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If you have blue enlarged, dilated, and twisted superficial veins typically in the legs, just under the skin, and have dull aching pain or recurrent ulcers in the leg, then you are a suitable candidate for the surgery.
Quitting smoking is a perfect solution even without surgery as it involves many health risks, but it’s totally up to you whether you want to quit or not. But you should surely stop smoking before the procedure and 2 weeks after the injection.
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