Electric burns are a result of an electric shock, where electricity courses through the body and can potentially harm internal tissues and vital organs. The damage can range from mild to severe and, in some cases, even lead to fatal consequences.
There are two primary types of electric burns:
Electric burns most commonly affect the hands, forearms, and lower limbs. Typically, electric burns involve an entry wound in the hands or forearm and an exit wound in the lower limb.
Symptoms can vary in intensity depending on the electric shock’s strength. Even mild electric burns require urgent attention because they may cause both visible skin damage and severe internal organ and tissue damage.
Some complications require immediate attention and can have severe ongoing effects on the body, necessitating close monitoring by a plastic surgeon. These complications include:
In severe cases, electric burns may lead to limb amputation or even death if not promptly treated.
The treatment for a flame skin burn typically involves:
Hospitalization is necessary when electric burns result from the passage of electricity through the body. The treatment process includes:
Electric burn treatment may require multiple surgeries to rehabilitate and reintegrate patients into society. Some common surgical techniques include:
Fasciotomy/Debridement: This procedure involves incisions in the forearm and hand to drain excess fluids and toxins without disrupting the blood supply. In cases of electric burns, necrotic muscles in the forearm and hand are debrided along with fasciotomy. Subsequent debridement surgeries may be necessary.
Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (VAC): Before definitive procedures, this therapy helps reduce toxins and infection in the body.
Skin Grafting: Skin grafting involves the transfer of thin skin sheets, often from the thigh, to cover raw areas once the wound is healthy.
Abdomen, Groin Flap: Well-blood-supplied tissues from the abdomen, groin, or other areas of the body may be used as flaps to cover critical areas of the forearm and hand. This is a two-stage procedure, with the flap harvested and then attached before being detached after a few weeks.
Microvascular Free Flaps: For deep and large defects, free flaps are used to cover the wound, involving the transfer of skin and muscle from a distant area through microsurgical techniques. Frequent post-surgical monitoring is necessary.
Proper post-surgical care and management are vital for the overall outcome of treatment. Patients may experience bedrest for 2-3 weeks and need to keep the limb elevated with the aid of pillows. Pressure garments are provided, and ambulation begins once the operated site is stable.
Amputation is considered when the severity of the electric burn is extreme and the primary objective becomes saving the patient’s life. Amputation may be necessary in cases where the patient does not receive timely treatment, leading to complications that necessitate the removal of the affected limb.
Prosthetic Limb: After a period of 3 months following amputation, when the stump has healed, a prosthetic limb may be recommended for the patient.
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Electric burns are injuries that occur when an electrical current passes through the body, leading to tissue damage. They differ from other burns, such as thermal burns, in terms of their cause and the specific way they affect the body.
Electric burns can result from contact with electrical sources, including exposed wiring, faulty appliances, lightning strikes, or work-related electrical accidents. Factors such as the type and voltage of the electrical current can influence the severity of the burn.
Symptoms of electric burns may include entry and exit wounds, deep tissue damage, muscle contractions, and even cardiac arrhythmias. The severity of symptoms depends on factors such as the voltage of the electrical current and the pathway it takes through the body.
Diagnosis involves a clinical examination by a healthcare professional and may include imaging studies to assess the extent of tissue damage and rule out other injuries, such as fractures or internal organ damage.
Kayakriti Clinic specializes in electric burn management with a focus on assessing the extent of tissue damage, wound care, and surgical interventions if needed. Their approach includes a team of experts experienced in managing electrical injuries.
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