Hypospadias is a congenital anomaly of the penis observed in male infants and children. In this condition, the urinary tube (urethra) does not open at its typical location at the tip of the penis but instead opens on the underside of the penis.
It is the second-most common birth abnormality of the male genitalia, affecting about one of every 250 males at birth.
During the development of the male fetus inside the mother, certain hormones stimulate the formation of the urinary tube and the foreskin of the penis. Hypospadias results when a malfunction occurs in the action of these hormones which leads to the failure of the development of the urinary tube anywhere all along the length of the penis up to the tip of the penis.
Hypospadias can be associated with many other congenital conditions.
It runs in families and is genetic also.
Roughly 90% of the cases are the less serious, in which the urethral opening (the meatus) is near the tip or head of the penis (glandular/ distal penile).
The remainder 10% of the children have an opening on the undersurface of the penis all the way back on the shaft of the penis, near or within the scrotum. (mid-penile/proximal penile/scrotal hypospadias respectively).
A karyotype and endocrine evaluation should be performed to detect intersex conditions or hormone deficiencies.
Ultrasound of the abdomen is required to rule out any hernias, or undescended testes.
Living with hypospadias can be emotionally challenging for the child and the family. A child with hypospadias has to sit and micturate.
Hypospadias is not a serious medical condition and can be corrected with surgery. For the above reasons, parents of children with hypospadias seek surgery.
Surgery can–
If the penis is small, testosterone or human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) injections may be given with the consent of the parents to enlarge it before the surgery. These injectables also increase the chance of a successful repair of the urinary tube.
The result of surgery is probably not influenced by the age at which repair is done in children. The procedure is preferred and is usually done in early childhood to eliminate the memory of some manipulation to the genitalia.
Most distal and mid-penile hypospadias (opening near the head of the penis) are corrected with a single-stage surgery. Single-stage procedures are:
Proximal penile/scrotal hypospadias (urinary opening near the scrotum) and downward bending of the penis are often corrected with two-stage surgery.
What are complications seen after surgery for Hypospadias repair?
The results for repair of Distal hypospadias are good in over 90% of cases.
In patients with severe hypospadias, surgery can produce unsatisfactory results, such as
Most complications are discovered within six months after the surgery.
Complications are usually corrected with another surgery, most often delayed for at least six months after the last surgery to allow the tissues to heal sufficiently.
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Hypospadias is a congenital condition in males where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis rather than at the tip. It can vary in severity and affect the appearance and function of the penis.
The exact cause of Hypospadias is often not known, but it is thought to involve genetic and hormonal factors during fetal development.
Symptoms of Hypospadias include an abnormal urethral opening, curvature of the penis, and difficulty with urination. It can affect an individual’s self-esteem and sexual function.
Diagnosis is made through a physical examination, and further evaluations such as ultrasound or imaging studies may be used to assess the severity of Hypospadias.
Treatment may involve surgical repair to reposition the urethral opening to the tip of the penis. The timing of surgery depends on the severity of the condition and the individual’s age.
Kayakriti Clinic specializes in the surgical repair of Hypospadias and provides comprehensive care for individuals with this condition. Their expertise and patient-focused approach ensure the best possible outcome.
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