The hand, a remarkable marvel of human anatomy, is a finely tuned composition of skin, muscles, tendons, nerves, arteries, veins, bones, and ligaments. Each of these components plays a vital role in ensuring the hand’s functionality.
When it comes to hand injuries, several critical aspects demand immediate attention:
Blood Supply: Arteries and veins, responsible for supplying blood to the hand, are of paramount importance. Ensuring their well-being is a top priority in managing hand injuries, as these vessels maintain the hand’s vitality.
Nerves: Nerves control the hand’s intricate functions. Preserving their function or repairing them if damaged is essential for restoring hand dexterity.
Bone Alignment: Proper alignment of the hand’s bones is fundamental. Without a stable skeletal framework, the hand’s functionality is compromised.
Tendons: Functional tendons, both on the front and back of the hand, facilitate finger and thumb movement. Addressing tendon injuries is crucial to restoring proper hand mobility.
Ligaments: Ligaments contribute to joint stability in the hand. Injuries to these structures can result in joint instability.
Skin: While often given less priority, the skin is a vital structure. Without suitable skin cover, none of the hand’s components can function optimally or heal effectively.
Isolated injuries to tendons, vessels or nerves usually are rare. Often hand injuries are a combination of injuries to the vessels, nerves, tendon and bone.
Sometimes the whole hand or finger is amputated and then reimplantation of the cut body parts has to be done as an emergency procedure within 6 hours of the injury.
Surgery for hand injury is a long, time taking and skillful procedure in which all the small blood vessels, tendons and nerves supplying the cut part of the hand are sewed again together under very high magnification through a microscope by a skilled plastic surgeon.
Hand injuries are very commonly associated with fractures of the hand. Fixation of fractures of the hand is done as the first step in the treatment of hand injuries. They always have to be ruled out even in small injuries of the hand. Without a stable skeletal network, every repair will fail.
If the skin and soft tissues of the hand are damaged, then various types of resurfacing techniques are available as discussed in hand wounds. A soft and pliable skin cover resembling as close as possible to the native skin is mandatory for a hand to function smoothly.
Repair of the damaged nerves of the arm, forearm, and hand is vital for muscle function and sensory input from the hands. There are 3 major nerves in the hand- median, ulnar, and radial. All of these nerves are equally important and have specific functions. Any injury to these nerves at any level of the arm, forearm, and hand should be repaired as per the general principles and guidelines that are laid down for a better understanding of nerve injuries of the hand.
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